SASXSEK Reference:Verbs
From SASXSEK
| ⌂ | ↰ | ← | → | 2012-05-19 17:30 UTC |
Inflection
Verbs have only one form and therefore do not inflect for person, number, gender, tense or aspect.
Tense and Aspect
Tense and aspect are only indicated where it's absolutely necessary to convey the time an action takes place when not already known by context, otherwise it is left out. Adverbs like mi (before; previously), ci (now; this time), ti (then; at that time), fi (later) and gi (always) can be used to show when something takes place. Other adverbs of time may also be used to indicate tense and aspect, such as masi (monthly), nani (yearly; annually), ieni (once) or menisi (many times).
Gerund
Verbs can also function as nouns without any change in form.
- ies = eating
- som = sleeping
- tulis = writing
Participles
Participles are formed by simply adding the qualifier suffix -i to the verb. There is only one participle form which does not distinguish past, present or future.
- don = give
- doni = giving; given
When necessary, active and passive participles can be distinguished by using the suffixes -eri (active) or -ari (passive)
- doneri = giving
- donari = given
Passive Voice
A verb can be made passive by the suffix -a, which effectively reverses the subject and object roles, however there are other ways of expressing the same idea.
- pom mi iesa.
- apple before be-eaten.
- The apple was eaten.
- pom mi iesa lo.
- apple before be-eaten-by he.
- The apple was eaten by him
The same ideas can also be expressed by using the impersonal pronoun..
- uo mi ies pom.
- someone before eat apple.
- Someone ate the apple.
For better clarity, the object may be put into focus by moving it to the front of the sentence, however it must be introduced by the particle u.
- u pom uo mi ies.
- {object} apple someone before eat.
- The apple was eaten.
To Be, or Not to Be? (ha zain ba ni zain.)
The verb zain means to be only in the sense of to exist. There is no true equivalent of the English "to be" when used as a copula. Use a verbal form of the predicate to create such sentences.
- pom kiz.
- apple be-red.
- The apple is red.
- haus meg.
- house be-big.
- The house is big.
Likewise for negative forms:
- pom nukiz.
- apple be-nonred.
- The apple is not red.
- haus numeg.
- house be-unbig.
- The house isn't big.
The verb tav (to be located) is used to indicate location where English would use "to be".
- tu ho fo tav.
- at what you located.
- Where are you?
- mo tav tu domo.
- I located at home.
- I am at home.
| ⌂ | ↰ | ← | → | 2012-05-19 17:30 UTC |
|
SASXSEK™ | © Dana Nutter |
